Prevention of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms
Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms is common everywhere. Among the 2,500 varieties of fungi native to Europe, about 200 are potentially poisonous. In Russia, poisoning is caused by 20-25 types of poisonous mushrooms. According to the results of 2017, more than 80 cases of poisoning were registered in the Lipetsk region, 3 of them were fatal.
The most well-known poisonous mushrooms are pale toadstool and fly agaric, also toxic to humans are lines and some types of false pollen.
The pale toadstool is yellow, green, and white. The last two varieties are particularly poisonous. The mushroom cap contains more toxic substances than the stem. In addition, the toxic substances of the pale toadstool are not destroyed by heat treatment and can persist for many years. Almost one mushroom is enough to cause fatal poisoning of an adult. The statistics are disappointing: the mortality rate is over 50%.
Some useful tips when collecting mushrooms:
- you only need to collect familiar types of mushrooms;
- after bringing home, arrange the mushrooms by type;
- if you find unfamiliar types of mushrooms, you need to throw them away.
Clinical manifestations begin suddenly:
- malaise, weakness, indomitable vomiting, diarrhea;
- gradually increase weakness, violations of the water-electrolyte balance;
- on the 2nd-3rd day, signs of toxic hepatopathy develop (enlarged liver, jaundice, hemorrhagic diathesis), nephropathy, hepatic-renal failure (hepatargy, anuria, coma).
When the first symptoms of poisoning appear, it is necessary to wash the stomach, take a sorbent (activated carbon, enterosgel, etc.) inside and immediately call an ambulance. Digestive disorders in children and the elderly often lead to complications, so hospitalization is mandatory for these categories of patients.
ATTENTION! The presence of symptoms more than 6 hours after eating mushrooms is an indication for mandatory hospitalization! Even one mushroom is enough to poison several people with it!
Lipetsk Regional Center for Medical Prevention reminds: timely medical care can improve the prognosis of poisoning!
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