VACCINATION OF DISEASES CAUSED BY THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of extremely common viruses that affect the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes.More than 190 types of HPV are known, more than 30 of them can affect the epithelium of the urogenital tract, some of them can cause many diseases in women and men. About 80% of the sexually active population is infected with HPV during their lifetime. The risk of transmission even with a single sexual act is 80%.The source of the causative agent of infection is a sick person or carrier.
HPV is mainly transmitted sexually during sexual contact, as well as through contact with HPV-infected areas of the skin and mucous membranes. Viruses penetrate through micro-injuries (cuts, scuffs, etc.) of the mucous membranes and skin. Penetrating into the human epithelial cell, the virus is embedded in it and actively multiplies, causing pathological changes in infected epithelial cells,which can further provoke cancer.Risk factors for HPV infection include: early onset of sexual activity, frequent changes in sexual partners, frequent abortions, chronic urogenital infection, immunodeficiency, genetic predisposition, and hormonal factors.
The only way to prevent diseases caused by HPV is active primary prevention-vaccination.For primary specific prevention, 3 vaccines have been registered in the world: divalent, quadrivalent, and ninevalent. In Russia, 2 vaccines have been certified – bivalent and tetravalent.The recommended course of vaccination is carried out according to the standard scheme: 0-2-6 months. An accelerated scheme is allowed: 0-1-4 months. An alternative 2-dose regimen of 0-6 months is allowed in persons aged 9 to 13 years inclusive.
Contraindications to vaccination are hypersensitivity to the components of the vaccine, the development of severe systemic allergic reactions or post-vaccination complications to previous administration of the vaccine against papillomavirus infection. Temporary contraindications: acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases. Immunization is carried out 1-2 weeks after recovery or during remission.
Women who are planning a pregnancy should postpone vaccination until it is completed. Breastfeeding is not a contraindication to HPV vaccination.Protective antibody ranges persist for about 10 years after a full course of immunization. According to clinical studies, the preventive effectiveness of vaccines against papillomavirus infection is 98-100%.In individuals with impaired immune system reactivity due to immunosuppressive therapy, a genetic defect, or other causes, the protective effect may be reduced.
The use of HPV vaccines is possible simultaneously with any live and inactivated vaccines.Post-vaccination reactions to HPV vaccines are extremely rare. There may be moderate local manifestations in the form of redness at the injection site. Common reactions include headache, fever, and diarrhea.
Candidate of Medical Sciences, pediatrician of the Department of Immunoprophylaxis
consultative and diagnostic polyclinic of GUZ " Lipetsk Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital»
Otroshchenko Evgeniya Sergeevna
