Vaccinoprophylaxis - protection against infections
Modern society and especially pediatricians are well aware that vaccination is the most effective and cost-effective method of improving the health of the nation. It has long been proven that it is easier to prevent the disease than to treat it and its complications. But today, as a hundred years ago, there are people who conduct an active anti-vaccination campaign.
The development of a serious disease in the post-vaccination period, especially of an unknown etiology, often serves as a reason for accusations against vaccination, although "after that does not mean for this reason". It is important to understand that by depriving a child of the opportunity to be vaccinated, we violate their constitutional right to be protected from a particular disease, and doom society to an increase in disability and mortality from potentially controlled infections.
In Russia, there is a mandatory list of vaccinations (for children, these are vaccinations against tuberculosis, hepatitis B, polio, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, against influenza, hemophilic infection, pneumococcus). In our country, all mandatory vaccinations for children are carried out free of charge and with the consent of parents. We talk about some infectious diseases and vaccines used to prevent these diseases.
Tuberculosis is an infection that claims 7,000 human lives every day in the world. In tuberculosis, any organ can be affected, but meningitis is the most severe. Treatment of tuberculosis is very long and time-consuming. Vaccination is carried out in more than 200 countries around the world. In our country, tuberculosis is vaccinated for 3-5 days of life in a maternity hospital, and the presence of immunity is assessed annually by a Mantoux test. Repeated vaccination is carried out only with the complete loss of specific immunity at 7 years of age.
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that causes liver damage up to cirrhosis or liver cancer. This infection kills more than 1 million people every year in the world. Hepatitis B is especially dangerous for children under 1 year of age, as it turns into a chronic form in 90% of cases! Infection of children can occur from the mother during pregnancy, childbirth or after birth with injections, close contact with the patient in everyday life through wounds and cuts, as a result of surgical interventions and blood transfusions. Hepatitis B vaccines are safe, prepared on the basis of baker's yeast and do not contain the hepatitis B virus. Children are vaccinated three times, starting from the first day after birth. After the introduction of this vaccination in the calendar, cases of infection among children became isolated.
Whooping cough is characterized by a special paroxysmal cough, which increases at night. Coughing attacks sometimes lead to respiratory arrest. Whooping cough is dangerous for complications – pneumonia, convulsions,and even death. Thanks to vaccinations in recent years, the incidence of whooping cough has decreased among children by 6 times. Vaccinations against whooping cough are carried out from three months and only up to the age of four. Vaccination against whooping cough can prevent more than 35 million cases of the disease and more than 600 thousand deaths in the world every year.
Diphtheria is an infection in which there is a sore throat and severe intoxication of the body, sometimes the larynx is affected and breathing is disturbed. Up to 20% of those who are not vaccinated die from diphtheria.
Tetanus is a very serious, often fatal disease. You can get tetanus if you get tetanus bacillus from the ground through an injury or just damaged skin.
Polio is caused by polio viruses and leads to paralysis or paresis of the limbs. The disease leads to disability or death. As a result of the vaccinations carried out in Russia, the wild polio virus is not found, but the problem of transmission of infection from migrants or infection of an unvaccinated child from a live vaccine remains urgent. The virus is transmitted from patients or carriers through household items, food and water. Vaccination is carried out for children from three months to 15 years.
Measles-characterized by high body temperature, intoxication, runny nose, conjunctivitis, dry cough and rash. Measles is dangerous for complications – pneumonia, convulsions, inflammation of the brain. Up to 10% of patients die. The disease is highly contagious. For vaccination, a measles vaccine containing a weakened virus is used. Vaccination is done in 1 year and again in 6 years.
Rubella is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets and characterized by a rise in temperature, an increase in the cervical lymph nodes, and a rash. The disease is dangerous for pregnant women, as pregnancy often ends in a miscarriage, the birth of a stillborn child or a child with congenital rubella syndrome (congenital heart disease, deafness, blindness, mental retardation, convulsive syndrome). For vaccination, the rubella vaccine is used at the age of 1 year and again at 6 years.
Mumps (mumps) is caused by the mumps virus, is transmitted by airborne droplets and affects the salivary glands, the pancreas, leads to meningitis, can provoke diabetes. The disease in adolescents and adults can lead to infertility. Live mumps vaccine is administered at the age of 1 year and again at 6 years.
Pneumococcal and hemophilic vaccines are administered to children to protect them from frequent colds, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia and purulent meningitis. They are especially shown to children who have serious problems with immunity. Vaccination helps to reduce the number of acute respiratory diseases by 4 times!
It should be emphasized that all the drugs used for vaccination are absolutely safe, well-tolerated, and provide lasting protection against infectious diseases and the development of complications after infections. In the world, isolated cases of reactions and complications after vaccination are registered, but it is necessary to remember that the reaction to vaccination is always short-lived, does not leave any consequences. Complications after vaccination are specific and are initially associated with individual intolerance to the components of the vaccine or a violation of the vaccination technique.
Before the vaccination, the child must be examined by a doctor or a nurse, the body temperature is measured. After vaccination, the child remains under the supervision of a medical professional for thirty minutes. During the following days, active dynamic monitoring of vaccinated children is carried out.
Dear parents, remember that the life and health of your child largely depends on your desire to get vaccinated!
Pediatrician of the Department of Vaccine Prevention
GUZ " Lipetsk Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital»
Timofeeva Tatyana Viktorovna.
