Prevention of diabetes mellitus.
According to the definition of experts of the World Health Organization: "Diabetes mellitus is a problem of all ages and all countries." Currently, diabetes mellitus ranks third among the direct causes of death after cardiovascular and oncological diseases, therefore, the solution of many issues related to this disease has been put at the state and federal level in many countries of the world.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which blood glucose rises above the norm for healthy people. The appearance of symptoms of diabetes mellitus is preceded by a long period, which proceeds with complete well-being in a state of health, but at this time changes and disorders are already taking place in the body, which further lead to the appearance of clinical signs of the disease (thirst, frequent and copious urination, weight loss, itching in the perineum, inflammatory and pustular skin diseases, etc.).
Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease and numerous studies are aimed not only at explaining the causes and mechanisms of the development of diabetes mellitus, but also at the possibility of preventing its occurrence,
Until recently, it was believed that it was impossible to prevent diabetes mellitus. However, naukane is standing still, and this pleases. New and effective methods of preventing this disease are being developed. I will immediately make a reservation that type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two diseases that differ in etiology and pathogenesis. And they should be considered separately.
Currently, methods of immunological diagnosis of Type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent) are being used to determine the presence of antibodies to various antigens of pancreatic islets, insulin, with the help of which it is possible to identify the possibility of developing diabetes mellitus at the earliest stages against the background of still full health.
Children of parents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Itype) should undergo a special examination to identify their predisposition to the development of diabetes, and such children should be allocated to a special attention group (risk group). The examination consists in determining the genes of the histocompatibility system. Infectious diseases - mumps, congenital rubella, Coxsackie B4 virus, etc. are of increased danger for such children. If these children have the listed infectious diseases, in addition to the main treatment, it is recommended to use immunomodulators, vitamins and other means aimed at strengthening the body's immune system, i.e. creating conditions that prevent possible damage to the pancreatic islets by the listed viruses and the occurrence of immune reactions that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
With regard to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which accounts for 80-95% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, there are its own characteristics. Despite the fact that heredity in this type of diabetes manifests itself to a greater extent than in type I diabetes, the main external factor contributing to its development is overeating, i.e. excessive intake of energy into the body and the development of obesity. Therefore, in the families of patients with type 2 diabetes, it is necessary first of all to carry out work aimed at combating overeating, excessive consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, honey, sweets, etc.), high-calorie food with an increased fat content. Parents should know that the fullness of their children is not a sign of health, but on the contrary, contributes to the development of obesity and diabetes, so the prevention of obesity should begin with childhood.
You can calculate your normal weight using the body mass index (BMI) formula:
If the BMI is in the range of 18.5-24.9, then you have a normal weight.
If the BMI is 25-29,9 is overweight.
If the BMI exceeds 30.0, then this is already obesity.
The most dangerous for health is the so-called abdominal obesity, in which adipose tissue accumulates mainly in the abdominal area. It is with this type of obesity that a large percentage of cardiovascular diseases and high mortality are associated. Abdominal obesity is quite easy to assess by measuring the waist circumference.This indicator should be less than 102 cm in men more than 88 cm in women.
The daily diet should consist of 55-60% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein and 20-25% fat. Such a diet is balanced and most beneficial for health.
Irregular meals, taking food 1-2 times a day, eating at night can minimize all your efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to eat 4, preferably 5 times a day. It should be breakfast, afternoon tea, lunch, dinner and an evening light meal. In no case eat late at night, and even more so.
The diet of a person with an increased body weight should include dishes of vegetables and fruits with a low glucose content (bananas, grapes, raisins are excluded, potatoes from vegetables). Recommended dishes are cabbage, cauliflower or white cabbage, carrots, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes, beetroot, radish, green beans, rutabaga, bell pepper, eggplant, lettuce, apples, berries, citrus fruits. Tea, herbal decoctions, compotes, weak coffee - as drinks. For white dishes, exclude meat of fatty varieties, skin and fat of poultry meat, fried dishes. Eat fish, lean meats, seafood in boiled, stewed, baked form. It is also better to use vegetable oil, but a little (since it is as high in calories as animal fat). The consumption of bread, pasta, cereals, potatoes, fatty foods (especially butter), sweets, spicy, spicy and smoked dishes is strictly limited. Physical activity plays a great role in the fight against obesity.
- With physical exertion, the sensitivity of cells to insulin increases and the absorption of glucose by tissues improves.
- The body weight gradually decreases, as a result of which the overall metabolism improves.
- Heart function improves, the risk of heart attacks, heart attacks and stroke decreases.
- Blood pressure decreases.
- Improves blood circulation of internal organs, as well as upper and lower extremities, which reduces the risk of complications.
- The level of lipids in the blood decreases, the development of atherosclerosis slows down.
- The mobility of the spine and joints improves.
- Exercises have a beneficial effect on the figure and skin of the face.
- Stress is easier to bear.
- The general tone of the body increases.My well-being improves.
As you know, any disease is easier to prevent than to treat. This is especially true for type 2 diabetes.
GUZ "Lipetsk Regional Clinical Hospital"
