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PREVENTION OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

04.02.2022

It is known that today people are most afraid of encountering cancer. Everyone dreams of living a long life and avoiding serious diseases that limit daily activity, require prolonged treatment or surgery. These fears are well-founded, because oncology is one of the leading causes of death in the world.

The process of degeneration of a normal cell into a malignant one has its own patterns and stages. Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely protect yourself and your loved ones from this disease, anyone can get cancer. Almost all tumors develop in normal tissues of the body and more often in those tissues and organs in which the rate of cell division is higher (for example: skin, intestines, lymphatic system, bone marrow, bones).

Tumor cells differ from normal cells in that, instead of dying, they continue to grow and divide, forming new pathological cells. Tumor cells usually produce toxic substances that lead to deterioration of a person's condition, weakness, loss of appetite and weight loss.

Many types of cancer have become "younger" in recent years and occur in people aged 25-35 years, and in some cases in childhood.

High mortality from oncological diseases is primarily associated with the patient's late treatment to the doctor, when the disease is already difficult to treat. It should be noted that the achievements of modern medicine make it possible to diagnose and completely treat cancer in the early stages, as well as eliminate many precancerous conditions. Primary and secondary cancer prevention plays a huge role in the fight against cancer in developed countries.

Types of active cancer prevention

Primary prevention of oncology. Measures to prevent cancer are, first of all, the independent maintenance of people's own health at a high level. Primary preventive measures include measures aimed at eliminating factors that provoke the development of oncology:

  • A balanced diet is the key to a healthy body and the prevention of diseases. To reduce the risk of cancer, it is recommended to adhere to the rules: abandon fatty meats (pork, lamb) and give preference to poultry or fish. Remove semi-finished products, fried foods, sausages and smoked meats from the diet. Control the amount of sugar consumed. Include fiber-rich foods (cereals, vegetables) in the diet. Give preference to dairy and fermented milk products of low-fat varieties. Eat fresh vegetables and fruits.
  • Giving up bad habits. Smoking nicotine-containing mixtures is the most important factor in the development of various types of cancer: lung, stomach, larynx, oral cavity, bladder, kidney and cervix. Even if a person does not smoke, and is often in the same room with smokers (passive smoking), he has an increased risk of getting lung cancer. The decision to quit smoking is the most important health decision of your life. If you have taken it, but are experiencing difficulties in quitting smoking, consult with your doctor regarding auxiliary measures. The risk of a number of malignant neoplasms, including breast, colon, lung, kidney and liver cancers, is directly related to alcohol consumption. Primary preventive measures do not mean a complete rejection of the use of alcoholic beverages. The main rule is to reduce the strength and amount of alcohol consumed. However, doctors are convinced that women and young people should limit, and it is better to completely exclude alcohol-containing beverages. Especially dangerous is the combination of alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking. This "rattling cocktail" significantly increases the risk of developing cancer.  
  • Protection against infectious diseases. Scientists have proven that viruses and bacteria are directly related to the emergence of certain types of oncology. Vaccination is indicated for the prevention of infectious diseases.
  • Restriction of contact with harmful substances. The risk of getting cancer increases in people whose work is associated with harmful conditions and contact with toxic substances. If changing the type of activity is not possible, it is necessary to protect yourself with the help of strict compliance with safety regulations.
  • Maintaining an active lifestyle. Being overweight increases the risk of developing breast, prostate, lung, colon and kidney cancers. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and increases life expectancy, improves quality of life and reduces the risk of cancer. Engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day.
  • UV protection. The most common type of cancer – skin cancer - is directly related to solar irradiation. Avoid the midday sun, stay in the shade, protect your skin with clothing, use sunscreen, avoid tanning beds and quartz lamps;
  • Compliance with the regime. Full rest is the basis of cancer prevention. An adult should sleep at least 8 hours. This should be done with the light off, because darkness helps the production of melatonin. This hormone directly affects the human immune system.
  • Strengthening of the nervous system. Stress is the cause of the development of many diseases, including cancer. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations, pay attention to mental health, fully relax and think positively. As a rest, it is better to choose a walk in the fresh air or moderate physical activity.

Secondary prevention of oncology. It is an early detection of oncological diseases and diseases that may precede them. Thanks to secondary prevention measures, it is possible to identify a risk group among the population and form the necessary knowledge about the disease and ways to prevent it.

Independently , the population can prevent the disease through the following actions:

  • Possess information about oncological diseases.
  • Systematically carry out self-diagnosis.
  • To be examined by a doctor on time and follow his recommendations.
  • In case of suspicious symptoms, seek immediate advice.

Tertiary prevention. It includes detailed monitoring of people who have already suffered malignant neoplasms. The main task is to prevent relapse and the appearance of metastases. It includes:

  • Regular visits to an oncologist and passing the necessary tests.
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and observing proper nutrition.
  • Compliance with the recommendations given by the attending physician.
  • Attentive attitude to health and prevention of infectious diseases.
  • Exclusion of contact with carcinogenic and mutagenic substances.
  • Prevention of oncological diseases in children.

Remember that it is easier to prevent the disease than to treat it, you only need to come to the doctor on time!

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State healthcare Institution
"Lipetsk Regional Perinatal Center"
398055, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya str., possession 6g (84742) 31-45-96; Факс: 31-45-96 lopc@zdrav48.ru

Travel by bus №№ 30,330, 300, 324, 22, 322, 325
17, 317, 346, 308 to the stop " Polygraphic"