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Natural focal infections.

25.11.2021

Natural focal infections are diseases common to humans and animals, the pathogens of which can persist in nature for a long time in certain climatic conditions, within a limited geographical landscape, forming a natural reservoir of infection in the organisms of animals, birds, blood-sucking arthropods, which are the sources and carriers of these infections.

Natural focal infections include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), leptospirosis, tularemia, rabies, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, etc. The main source of these infections are wild and stray animals, mouse-like rodents that live in nature and populate residential and farm buildings.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Infection occurs when eating food and water contaminated with rodent secretions. Infection by airborne dust is possible when the pathogen enters the lungs together with the resulting dust, as well as when cutting up the carcasses of infected rodents. The main manifestations of the disease are high body temperature up to 39-40 C, lower back and abdominal pain. Against the background of kidney damage, urine excretion sharply decreases. Nasal, internal bleeding, hemorrhages in the mucous membranes, skin develop.

Leptospirosis.

A person is most often infected through the water of reservoirs (swamps, ponds, shallow rivers), less often - through food, household items and production. You can also get infected when caring for pets, when slaughtering and cutting animal carcasses. The pathogen penetrates into the human body through damaged skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, gastrointestinal tract, eyes. The main manifestations of the disease are general intoxication (high body temperature up to 39-40C, weakness), muscle and joint pain, in some cases jaundice and rash are added. If you do not seek medical help in time, the disease progresses, there is damage to the liver, kidneys, lungs, cardiovascular and central nervous systems, which can lead to disability and in some cases to death.

Tularemia.

The main sources of the spread of tularemia are the same as in leptospirosis and HFRS, but blood-sucking insects - ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies - play a special role in the spread of tularemia. A person becomes infected with tularemia in various ways: by inhaling dust when threshing grain, when transporting hay, straw; when processing vegetables after their long-term storage in burts, pits; when eating infected foods, water; in direct contact with rodents; when bitten by rodents, ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies.

Tularemia is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. From the moment of infection to the appearance of signs of the disease, 3-7 days pass. The disease begins suddenly: the temperature quickly rises to 38-39 degrees, patients complain of a sharp headache, weakness, muscle soreness. Depending on the path of penetration of the microbe into the body, the disease can occur with the appearance of ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes, an increase and soreness of the lymph glands, often patients have a dry cough and chest pain.

Rabies.

Human infection occurs when bitten and scratched by a rabid animal, when a sick animal is blinded by fresh wounds, cuts on human skin or by contact with objects contaminated with infected saliva. Infection is also possible if splashes of infected material (saliva of a sick animal) get on the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and nasal cavity of a person.

It is important to know that the virus, the causative agent of rabies, can be in the saliva of a sick animal 10 days before the appearance of visible signs of the disease. Once in the human body, the virus spreads along the nervous pathways, reaches the brain, where inflammation develops, disrupting the work of vital elements of the central nervous system, resulting in death. Rabies can be prevented with the help of vaccination and compliance with the rules of behavior in contact with wild and neglected animals.

Chief Freelance Specialist in Infectious Diseases

health Department of the Lipetsk region

Sirotinkina Lilia Viktorovna.

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State healthcare Institution
"Lipetsk Regional Perinatal Center"
398055, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya str., possession 6g (84742) 31-45-96; Факс: 31-45-96 lopc@zdrav48.ru

Travel by bus №№ 30,330, 300, 324, 22, 322, 325
17, 317, 346, 308 to the stop " Polygraphic"