Every second person suffering from diabetes does not know about his disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease, the rapid spread of which cannot be slowed down. Every year, the number of diabetic patients in the world increases by 17-19 million people, and more than 90% are patients with type 2 diabetes. At the same time, according to the World Health Organization, about half of those suffering from diabetes, that is, every second, do not know about their disease.

Given the gradual development of the disease, often without any clinical manifestations at the onset, it is very important to know the high risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, the main of which are:

• age ≥ 45 years

• overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg / m2*)

• habitually low physical activity

• impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance

• gestational diabetes mellitus or the birth of a large child in the anamnesis of a woman

• burdened family history of diabetes mellitus (parents, brothers, sisters with type 2 diabetes)

Determination of the concentration of glucose in the blood is the main screening method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. All persons over the age of 45 should determine the level of sugar on an empty stomach at least once every three years. Now it can be done more often, since this analysis is included in the list of studies conducted as part of medical examinations and preventive medical examinations. At high values of the sugar level, the level of glycated hemoglobin is determined at the second stage of medical examination. And based on the results obtained, a diagnosis is made and timely treatment is prescribed, which allows you to avoid the terrible complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is very important to regularly undergo medical preventive examinations.

The second important diagnostic method is the oral glucose tolerance test (PGTT), which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of prediabetes. During the test, the fasting glucose level is measured and 2 hours after taking 75 g of glucose dissolved in water. According to the test results, it is possible to identify early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and start treatment on time, which will significantly delay the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications.     

The norm is the level of plasma glucose that does not exceed 6.1 mmol/l on an empty stomach or 7.8 mmol/L after a glucose load within the framework of PGTT.

Diagnostics and dispensary monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes is carried out by a therapist at the place of residence, for the selection and correction of hypoglycemic therapy, the patient is referred to an endocrinologist.

The information was prepared by GUZOT "Tsozimp"

based on the materials of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMIC TPM" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation